Lucknow University 3 years LLB Syllabus (2024)

Lucknow University LLB Syllabus

LL.B.(Three years course) (First Year) Ist Semester

Paper I

JurisprudenceJurisprudence It is a branch of philosophy, that discusses the legality of Law. Oppenheimer v Cattermole (1976), the court considered the question of whether a Nazi law was so iniquitous that it should refuse to recognise it as a law, thus raising the connection between the concepts of law and morality.-I

Unit –I: Introduction

Nature and scope of JurisprudenceNeed for study of JurisprudenceLinkage between Jurisprudence and other sciences

Unit – II: Schools of JurisprudenceNatural LawLaw Positive command of sovereign or divine. One can be ruled either by a Statute, a Statue, or a Statement. Legislation is the rule-making process by a political or religious organisation. Physics governs natural law. Logical thinking is a sign of a healthy brain function. Dharma is eternal for Sanatanis. Judiciary > Show me the face, and I will show you the law. Some people know how to bend the law rather than break it. with Indian PerspectiveAnalytical Positivism, Pure Theory, Legal RealismHistorical Jurisprudence

Unit – III: School of Jurisprudence-IISociological Jurisprudence with Indian PerspectiveAdministration of JusticeCivil and Criminal Justice System

Unit – IV: Sources of LawCustomLegislationPrecedent

BooksBoderheimer-Jurisprudence-The Philosophy & Method of Law (1996) Unversal, DelhiR.W.M. Dias-Jurisprudence (1994) Indian Reprint-Adithya Books, DelhiFitzgerald-Salmond on Jurisprudence (1999), Tripathi, BombayDhyani SN-Jurisprudence-A Study of Indian Legal Theory (1985)

LL.B.(Three years course) (First Year) Ist SemesterPaper IILaw of ContractContract An agreement enforceable by law is a contract. All agreements are contracts if they are made by the free consent of parties competent to contract, for a lawful consideration and with a lawful object, and are not hereby expressly declared to be void. Indian Contract Act.-IUnit I: Formation of ContractMeaning and nature of contractOffer/Proposal: Definition, Communication, Revocation, General/Specific offer, Invitation oftreatAcceptance: Definition, Communication, Revocation, Provisional acceptance, Tenders/AuctionsUnit II: Consideration and CapacityConsideration: Definition, Essentials, Privity of Contract, Exception Section 2(d) 25Capacity to enter into a contract; Minor’s Position, Nature/effect of minor’s agreements.Unit III: Validity, Discharge and Performance of ContractFree ConsentCoercion, Undue influence, Misrepresentation, Fraud, MistakeUnlawful consideration and objectEffect of void, voidable, valid, illegal, unlawful and uncertain agreementContract An agreement enforceable by law is a contract. All agreements are contracts if they are made by the free consent of parties competent to contract, for a lawful consideration and with a lawful object, and are not hereby expressly declared to be void. Indian Contract Act./contractsDischarge of ContractsPerformanceTimeTime Where any expression of it occurs in any Rules, or any judgment, order or direction, and whenever the doing or not doing of anything at a certain time of the day or night or during a certain part of the day or night has an effect in law, that time is, unless it is otherwise specifically stated, held to be standard time as used in a particular country or state. (In Physics, time and Space never exist actually-“quantum entanglement”) and Place of performanceAgreementImpossibility of performance and frustrationBreach: Anticipatory & PresentUnit IV: Remedies and Quasi ContractsRemedies: Damages, Kinds, Remoteness etc., Injunction, Specific PerformanceSpecific performance The remedy of specific performance is special and extraordinary and is at the court’s discretion, which the court would only exercise “if, under all the circ*mstances, it is just an equitable to do so”. Factors affecting the court’s discretion include considerations such as: (a) whether damages would be an adequate remedy; and (b) whether the person against whom the relief of specific performance is being sought would suffer substantial hardship., Quantum Meruit.Quasi Contract (Section 68-72)Act: Indian Contract Act, 1872Books1. Beatsen (ed.)-Anson’s Law of Contract: (27th Ed. 1998)2. Anson-Law of Contract (1998), Universal, Delhi3. Pollock and Mulla-Indian Contract Act4. Avtar Singh-Law of Contract, Eastern Book Co.(Lucknow)5. S.K.Kapoor- Samvidha Vidhi (Hindi)LL.B.(Three years course) (First Year) Ist SemesterPaper IIILaw of TortTort A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.-IUnit-I: Introduction and Principle in TortNature & Definition of TortDevelopment of TortTort distinguished from Contract, CrimeCrime A positive or negative act in violation of penal law; an offense against the state classified either as a felony or misdemeanor. and Breach of TrustCyber tortUnit-II:General Condition of Liability in TortWrongful ActLegal DamageDamnum sine InjuriaInjuria sine DamnumLegal Remedy-Ubi jus ibi remediumMental Element in TortMotive, Intention, Malice and its KindsMalfeasance, Misfeasance and non-feasanceFault whether essentialUnit IIIJustification of TortVolenti non fit injuriaAct of GodGod People in most cultures believe in the existence of supernatural beings and other supernatural concepts. God is attributed to both anthropomorphic properties (“listens to prayers”) and non-anthropomorphic properties (“knows everything”). Conceptualizing God is associated with willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine or Vaccine hesitancy. Pope requested people not to practice “Jesus is my vaccine”. For the Jewish, family (Avestan universal) god became national God: I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob,”(ex 3:15). See Ishwar.Inevitable accidentsPlaintiff’s defaultPrivate defenceJudicial and Quasi-Judicial ActParental and Quasi-Parental authorityActs causing slight harmUnit-IV:Remedies and DamagesPersonal CapacityWho can not suedWho can not be suedGeneral Remedies in TortDamages and its kindsRemoteness of Damage (In Re Prolemis & Wagon Mount Case)Judicial and Extra Judicial RemediesJoint Tort feasorsVicarious LiabilityBooks1. Salmond & Heuston-On the Law of Torts (2000), Universal, Delhi2. D.D.Basu, The Law of Torts (1982) Kamal, Calcutta.3. Winfield & Jolowiz on Tort (1999) Sweet and Maxwell, London4. Ratan Lal & Dhiraj Law-The Law of Torts (1997) Universal, Delhi5. R.K.Bangia, Law of TortsLL.B.(Three years course) (First Year) Ist SemesterPaper IVFamily Law-IHinduHindu A geographical name given by non-Hindus, who came to visit Bharatvarsha (Hindusthan). Sanatan Dharma is the actual Dharmic tradition of the Hindus. People who live in Hindusthan are Hindu, whether they Follow Islam, Chris, Buddha, Mahavira, or Nanaka. In this way, Tribals are also Hindu. LawUnit-INature , Who is Hindu & Sources of Hindu LawHindu Marriage ActHMA Hindu Marriage Act 1955. Conditions for a Hindu marriage (Sec-5). Void marriages (Sec-11) Restitution of conjugal rights (Sec-9). Judicial separation (Sec-10). Divorce ( Sec-13). Divorce by mutual consent (13-B). Maintenance pendente lite (Sec-24). Appeals (Sec-28). Custody of children (Sec-27). Disposal of property (Sec-27) Trial.Evidence. Family Court., 1955: (Sec.5-23)Unit –IIMaintenance Under Hindu Marriage Act (Sec.24 & 25)Maintenance Under Hindu Adoption And Maintenance Act, 1956 (Sec.18, 19 & 20)Adoption: Essential & Effect (Sec.6 to 12 of HA&MA, 1956)Kinds and Powers of guardian under Hindu Minority & Guardianship Act, 1956 (Sec.6-13)MuslimMuslim A community gathered around Muhammad (d. 632 CE) and confessed that Muhammad was the last of Prophets and he received Quran through Zibreel Farista from Allah. Hadith of Sahih Bukhari faithfully recorded the commands of Muhammad. He acknowledged the contribution of Jesus to the Abrahamic Religion. LawUnit –IIINature & Sources of Muslim Law, Who is Muslim?Muslim Marriage: Essentials, Option of puberty, Kinds of Marriage under Sunni Law & ShiaLawMehr: Definition, Concept, Kinds of Dower, Rights of Wife in case of Unpaid MehrUnit-IV:DivorceDivorce The lawful thing Allah hates most is divorce. (Abu Dawud)Classification of DivorceMaintenance of Wife Under Muslim personal law, Cr.P.C and Muslim Women (Protection ofRight on Divorce) Act, 1986Parentage and LegitimacyKinds and Powers of guardianActs1. Hindu Marriage Act, 19552. Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 19563. Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 19563. Muslim Women (Protection of Right on Divorce) Act, 1986Books1. J.D.M. Derrett- Hindu Law2. Mulla -Hindu Law, (18th Ed. 2002) Butterworth Publication3. Paras Diwan, Hindu Law, Allahabad Law Agency4. Dr.R.K.Singh, Hindu Law (Hindi), Allahabad Law Agency5. Kusum & P.P.Sexena, Lecture on Hindu Law, Butterworthe Publication HiLL.B.(Three years course) (First Year) Ist SemesterPaper VLaw of Crimes-IUnit-I: Introduction to Substantive Criminal LawExtent and operation of the Indian Penal CodeDefinition of crimeFundamental elements of crimeStage of a crime; Intention, Preparation, Attempt, Commission (i) Essentials of the attempt,Impossible attempt, attempt and preparation distinguishedUnit-II: General Explanations and Exceptions (Sec.76-106)(i)Definition (ii) Constructive joint liability (iii) Mistake (iv) Judicial and Executive acts (v)Accident (vi) Necessity (vii) Infancy (viii) Insanity (ix) Intoxication (x) Consent (xi) Good faithFaith πίστει.(xii) Private defenceUnit-III: Abetment and Criminal Conspiracy (Sec.107 to 114; Sec 120-A,B)Unit-IV: PunishmentTheories: Deterrent, Retributive, Preventive, Expiatory and Reformative TheoryPunishment under the IPC: Fine, Life-Imprisonment, Death SentenceActThe Indian Penal Code, 1860Books1. Pillai, PSA, Criminal Law2. Jeroma Hall, Principles of Criminal Law3. R.C.Nigam, Criminal Law4. Ratan Lal & Dhiraj Law, Indian Penal Code5. K.D.Gaur, Criminal Law cases and materialsLL.B.(Three years course) (First Year) Ist SemesterPaper VIConstitutional Law Of IndiaIndia Bharat Varsha (Jambu Dvipa) is the name of this land mass. The people of this land are Sanatan Dharmin and they always defeated invaders. Indra (10000 yrs) was the oldest deified King of this land. Manu's jurisprudence enlitened this land. Vedas have been the civilizational literature of this land. Guiding principles of this land are : सत्यं वद । धर्मं चर । स्वाध्यायान्मा प्रमदः । Read more-IUnit-I:ConstitutionConstitution The Constitution encompasses the global system of rules governing constitutional authority. Simply reading selected provisions of the written text may be misleading. Understanding the underlying principles, such as federalism, democracy, constitutionalism, the rule of law, and respect for minorities, is crucial. Democratic institutions must allow for ongoing discussion and evolution, reflected in the right of participants to initiate constitutional change. This right entails a reciprocal duty to engage in discussions. Democracy involves more than majority rule, existing within the context of other constitutional values. Therefore, a profound understanding of these principles informs our appreciation of constitutional rights and obligations. Read moreDefinition and ClassificationSources of ConstitutionConstitutional ConventionsSalient features of Indian ConstitutionRule of LawRule of Law It demands equality and accountability for all individuals under clear and predictable justice. This principle applies to both people and the State, emphasizing the need for transparency and openness in decision-making. The European Commission has the role of ensuring respect for the rule of law, as well as upholding EU values and principles. This fundamental value forms the basis of the European Union's foundation, requiring all, including government officials, to be subject to the law, under the control of independent and impartial courts.Separation of powersUnit-II: Distributive of Powers between Center and StatesLegislative Powers – Administrative Powers – Financial PowerDoctrine of Territorial Nexus–Doctrine of Harmonious Construction-Doctrine of Pith andSubstance-Doctrine of RepugnancyUnit-III:Constitutional Organs(a) Parliament (b) Parliamentary Sovereignty (iii) Parliamentary Privileges (iv) Anti DefectionLaw (v) Executive Power (vi) Collective Responsibility of Cabinet (vii) JudiciaryJudiciary The modern justice system has its roots in Henry II's reign, where the assize system and common law were established. Professional judges and magistrates started to emerge in the 13th century, gradually increasing their independence. However, they faced challenges, including political involvement and potential influence by the sovereign. Changes to the judiciary system, such as the establishment of the Court of Chancery in 1830 and the Judicature Act in 1873, merged common law and equity, leading to the creation of the High Court, Court of Appeal, and Crown Court. Despite this evolution, the judiciary's full independence was not officially recognized until the Constitutional Reform Act in 2005.-JurisdictionJurisdiction Authority by which courts receive and decide cases. Limited Jurisdiction: the authority over only particular types of cases, or cases under a prescribed amount in controversy, or seeking only certain types of relief, the District Court is a court of limited jurisdiction. Original Jurisdiction:Jurisdiction of the first court to hear a case. ofSupreme CourtSupreme Court The Court of last resort.Supreme Court ofIndia (26/01/1950),Supreme Court of USA (1798),Supreme Court of UK (1/10/2009),Supreme Court of Canada (1949),International Court of Justice (22/05/1947),> Supreme Court Network and High CourtsHigh Court High Court Judges in England and Wales handle complex and tough cases, sitting in London and traveling to court centers around the country. They preside over serious criminal and important civil cases, and support the Lord and Lady Justices in hearing appeals. High Court Judges are commonly referred to as ‘Mr/Mrs/Ms Justice surname’ and are given the prefix ‘The Honourable’. They are assigned to the King’s Bench Division, the Family Division, or the Chancery Division. The King’s Bench Division focuses on civil wrongs and judicial review, the Family Division deals with family law, and the Chancery Division handles various cases including company law and probate. Judges are appointed through a rigorous process overseen by the Judicial Appointments Commission. (viii) Independence of Judiciary(ix) Public Interest LitigationPublic Interest Litigation It includes litigation the subject matter of which is a legal wrong or a legal injury caused to a person or to a determinate class of persons by reason of violation of any constitutional or legal right or any burden imposed in contravention of any constitutional or legal provision or without authority of law or any such legal wrong orlegal injury or illegal burden is threatened and such person or determinate class of persons is, by reason of poverty, helplessness or disability or socially or economically disadvantaged position, unable to approach the Court, for relief, and for redressal of which any member of the public not having any personal interest in the subject-matter presents an application for an appropriate direction, order or writ in this Court under Article 226.Notwithstanding anything contained above, in any appropriate case, though the petitioner might have moved a Court in his private interestand for redressal of personal grievances, the Court in furtherance of the public interest involved therein may treat the subject of litigation in the interest of justice as a public interest litigation. (x) Power of Judicial ReviewJudicial Review It is a court process where a judge examines the legality of a decision made by a public body. It focuses on the decision-making process rather than the actual conclusion. The court does not replace the decision, but ensures the correct procedures were followed. If a decision was deemed incorrect, judicial review may not be the best option. Instead, appealing to a higher court could be an alternative solution. This process allows the public body to make the same decision lawfully. (xi) Doctrine of Political QuestionUnit-IV: Emergency Provisions, Amendment of Constitution, Doctrine of Basic Structure,Contractual and Tortious Liability of State, Right to Property and Freedom of Trade &CommerceAct1. The Constitution of India, 1950Books1. D.D.Basu, Shorter Constitution of India, 2001 Wadhwa, Nagpur2. H.M.Seervai, Constitution of India, Tripathi Bombay3. V.N.Shukla, Constitution of India, Eastern Book Co. Lko.4. M.P.Jain, Constitution of India, Wadhwa Nagpur5. B.K.Sharma, Introduction to Constitution of India, Prentice Hall.LL.B.(Three years course) (First Year) Ist SemesterPaper VIIPublic International LawInternational law International law imposes legal responsibilities of States in their conduct with each other, and their treatment of individuals within State boundaries. It includes International trade, human rights, disarmament, international crime, refugees, migration, problems of nationality, the treatment of prisoners, use of force, and conduct of war, among others. Bentham in his Principles of International Law (1786–1789) envisaged that an international code, which should be based on a detailed application of his principle of utility to the relations between nations, would not fail to provide a scheme for an everlasting peace. Read: United Nations Charter-IUnit- IDefinition and nature, General and Regional rules of International Law, Distinction betweenpublic International Law and Private International Law, Hogo Grotius, Is International Law trueLaw? Sanctions of observance of International Law, Sources of International Law (Article 38,Statute of the International Court of Justice), Relationship between international law andmunicipal law (Monism, Dualism, British, American and Indian Practice), Subject ofinternational law (Various thories), Individual as subject of international law. The essentialcharacteristics of a State in International Law, Micro States, Sovereignty of States,Condominium, Vassal States and protectorates, HolyHoly Hebrew root qdš makes the word qōdeš (distinct). "And you shall be to Me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation". (Exodus 19:6a). Distinct, which is not common or ordinary. "Be holy, for I, the YAHA, your ELOHIM, am holy" (Lv 19.2; cf. 11.44; 20.26) > be just, pure, and clean. Greek ἅγιος is " set apart" and is different from Hebrew 'qodes'.καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος (Matt 28.19). 'the holy place' (מִקְדָּשׁ, Ezekiel 37:28). Sanskrit 'pavitra -पवित्र' means sanctified by vedic mantra and rituals and not only cleaned 'something' by clean water or by fire. Folly (Oppo). See, Commonwealth of Nations.Unit- IIRecognition-Definition of State Recognition, Recognition of Government, Theories ofRecognition, Recognition De Jure and De Facto, The Duty to Recognize, Legal Effect ofRecognition, Withdrawl of Recognition, Retroactive effect of Recognition.States Succession: Definition and Kinds of Succession, consequences of state s uccession,Succession in respect of International Ogranisation.Intervention: Definition and its Prohibition, Grounds of Intervention. Intervention by invitation.State Jurisdiction-Territorial Jurisdiction and its limitations.State Responsibility-Kinds of State Responsibility, Consequences of State Responsibility.Unit- III:State Terrotory: Concept, modes of acquisition, International RiversAir Space: Various Throies, Aerial Navigation (Five freedom of Air), Outer Space TreatyTreaties Treaties are binding agreements between nations and become part of international law. Treaties to which the United States is a party also have the force of federal legislation, forming part of what the Constitution calls ''the supreme Law of the Land.'' U.S. presidents have frequently entered the United States into international agreements without the advice and consent of the Senate. These are called "executive agreements." Though not brought before the Senate for approval, executive agreements are still binding on the parties under international law. Bilateral treaty: An international agreement concluded between two states. Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties( 23 May 1969), 1967Law of Sea: Maritime Belt, Contiguous Zone, Continental Shelf, Excclusive Econimic Zone, TheHigh Seas, Land Locked States, International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, Piracy.Unit IV:Extradiction: Definition, Purpose of Extradition, Legal Duty, Extradiction of Political Offenders,Doctrine of Double Criminality, Rule of SpecialityAsylum: Meaning, Right of Asylum, Types of AsylumDeplomatice Agents: Who are Diplomatic AgentAgent An agent is a person employed to do any act for another or to represent another in dealings with third persons. The person for whom such act is done, or who is so represented, is called the principal. Indian Contract Act? Classification of Heads of Mission, Functionof Diplomatic Agents, The basis of Immunities and Privileges, Privileges and Immunities, Waiverof Immunity, Termination of Diplomatic Mission.Consuls: Classification, function, privileges and Immunities. Internation TreatiesTreaties Treaties are binding agreements between nations and become part of international law. Treaties to which the United States is a party also have the force of federal legislation, forming part of what the Constitution calls ''the supreme Law of the Land.'' U.S. presidents have frequently entered the United States into international agreements without the advice and consent of the Senate. These are called "executive agreements." Though not brought before the Senate for approval, executive agreements are still binding on the parties under international law. Bilateral treaty: An international agreement concluded between two states. Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties( 23 May 1969): Meaning, kindsformation, Pacta Sunt Servanda, Rebus Sic Stantibus, Jus Cogens, Reservations and Termination.Books1. Starke, Introduction to International Law2. Rebecca Wallace, International Law3. Brownlie, Principles of International Law4. S.K.Kapoor, Public International Law5. M.P.Tandon, Public International Law, ALA6. K.C.Joshi, International Law

LL.B.(Three years course) (First Year) IInd SemesterPaper IJurisprudence-IIUnit-I: State, Sovereignty and LawNature and functions of a State and its relationship with lawNature and development of SovereigntyNature and Kinds of law and theories of justiceUnit-II: Law and LegislationLaw and MoralityMorality Mental frame. It can be high morality or low morality, savage morality or civilised morality or Christian morality, or Nazi morality. Decent Behaviour is acceptable norms of the nations. Christian morality starts with the belief that all men are sinners and that repentance is the cause of divine mercy. Putting Crucified Christ in between is the destruction of Christian morality and logic. Now morality shifted to the personal choice of Jesus. What Jesus did is 'good'. The same would be the case of Ram, Krishna, Muhammad, Buddha, Lenin, etc. Pure Human Consciousness degraded to pure followership. There exists no proof the animals are devoid of morality.Law and ReligionReligion ‘The word ‘Religion’ -Re Legion- A group or Collection or a brigade, is a social-cultural construction and Substantially doesn’t exist. Catholic religion is different from Protestant religion. It is not Dharma.Law and Social changeUnit-III: Concepts of LawRights and DutiesPersonalityPossession, Ownership and PropertyUnit-IV: Principles of LiabilityLiability and NegligenceAbsolute LiabilityImmunityBooks: Same as Semester ILL.B.(Three years course) (First Year) IInd SemesterPaper IILaw of Contract II: Specific ContractUnit-I:A. Indemnity and Guarantee (Sec.124-147)Indemnity & Guarantee-the Concept, Definition, MethodsCommencement of liability of the indemnifierNature of indemnity clausesDistinction between indemnity and GuaranteeRight/Duties of Indemnifier, Indemnified and SuretyDischarge of Surety’s liabilityKinds of GuaranteeUnit-II:Bailment and Pledge (Sec. 148-171 and Sec.172-181)a. Meaning and Distinctionb. Rights and Duties of Bailor/Bailee, Pawnor/Pawneec. Liend. Termination of BailmentCommercial utility of pledge transactionsUnit-III: Agency (Sec.182 to 238)Definitions of Agent and PrincipalEssentials of relationship of agencyCreation of agency: by agreement, ratification and lawRelation of principal/agent, subagent and substituted agentTermination of agencyUnit IV: Government ContractConstitutional provisions, procedural requirement-kinds of Govt. Contracts performance of suchcontracts, Settlement of disputes and remedies.Books: Same as Semester ILL.B.(Three years course) (First Year) IInd SemesterPaper IIILaw of Tort IISpecific Wrong and Consumer Protection LawsUnit-I: Tort Relating to PersonAssault, Battery, False Imprisonment and abuses, Legal Proceedings, Malicious ProcautionUnit II: Tort relating to PropertyTrespass, Nuisance, Trespass to Land and GoodsDefamation, Detinue, ConversionTort to incorporal personal property-Copy right, Trade mark, Trade name and Patent rightNegligence, Res ipsa loquitor, Contributory negligence, Strict Liability or liability without faultand its applicability under MVA, 1988Unit-III: Consumer Protection Act:Consumersion in India (Historical Background), Consumers: the concept, definition and scope,object of CPAct, Rights of Consumers.Unfair Trade Practice, Restriction Trade Practice, Defect in goods, Deficiency in service:Medical, Lawyering, Electricity, Housing, Postal services etc.Unit- IV: Enforcement of Consumer Rights: Consumer Forum under C.P.Act-Jurisdiction,Powers and functions, Exceptions of order, Judicial Review, PILPublic Interest Litigation It includes litigation the subject matter of which is a legal wrong or a legal injury caused to a person or to a determinate class of persons by reason of violation of any constitutional or legal right or any burden imposed in contravention of any constitutional or legal provision or without authority of law or any such legal wrong orlegal injury or illegal burden is threatened and such person or determinate class of persons is, by reason of poverty, helplessness or disability or socially or economically disadvantaged position, unable to approach the Court, for relief, and for redressal of which any member of the public not having any personal interest in the subject-matter presents an application for an appropriate direction, order or writ in this Court under Article 226.Notwithstanding anything contained above, in any appropriate case, though the petitioner might have moved a Court in his private interestand for redressal of personal grievances, the Court in furtherance of the public interest involved therein may treat the subject of litigation in the interest of justice as a public interest litigation., Class action, Remedies,Appeal, Administrative Remedies, C.P.Courts.ActConsumer Protection Act, 1986Books1. Saraf D.N., Law of Consumer Protection in India, 1995 Tripathi2 R.K.Bangia, Consumer Protection Act3. P.K.Majumdar, The Law of Consumer Protection in India, 1998 Orient Publishing Co. DelhiLL.B.(Three years course) (First Year) IInd SemesterPaper IVFamily Law-IIHindu LawUnit-I: Joint Hindu FamilyOrigin, Nature of Joint Family and Coparcenary, Characteristic features of Coparcenary,Distinction between Coparcenary and Joint Family, Classification of Property: Joint FamilyProperty and Separate Property, Karta: Position, Powers and Liabilities, DebtsUnit-IIPartition: Definition, Persons entitled to demand Partition, Reopening and ReunionHindu Succession Act, 1956: Features, Devolution of interest in Coparcenary Property (Sec.6),List of heirs in Class-I & II of the Schedule, Hindu Women’s Right to PropertyMuslim LawUnit IIIHiba: Definition, Essentials, Kinds and Formalities for a Valid Hiba, Revocation of Hiba.Will: Definition, Essentials and Kinds of a Valid Will, Abatement of Legacies, Revocation ofWill.Unit-IVPre-emption: Definition, Classification & FormalitiesInheritance under Sunni Law, Doctrine of Aul and RaddBooksSame as in Semester IIIAct:1. Hindu Succession Act, 1956Books: Same as Semester ILL.B.(Three years course) (First Year) IInd SemesterPaper VLaw of Crimes-IIUnit I: Offences affecting the HumanHuman Ο άνθρωπος (Humanum> hom*o sapiens) मानव:. We have failed to consider the minimum need to be a 'human'. For Christians, human beings are sinful creatures, who need some saviour. For Evolution biology a man is still evolving, for what, we don´t know. For Buddhist Nagarjuna, the realisation of having a human body is a mere mental illusion. We are not ready to accept that a human is a computer made of meat. For a slave master, a human person is another animal, his sons and daughters are his personal property. Bodyoffences affecting life, causing of miscarriage or injuries to unborn childrenoffences of hurt, of wrongful restraint and wrongful confinementoffences of Criminal Force and Assault, offences of kidnapping and abductionUnit II: Offences against womenObscene acts and songsOutraging the modesty of womenRapeCrueltyCruelty Physical, mental, social by husband or relatives of husbandOffences relating to marriageUnit III: Offences against PropertyTheft, Extortion, Robbery and DacoityCriminal misappropriation and Criminal breach of trustCheatingMischiefCriminal trespassUnit IV: Defamation and offences relating to documents and property marksDefamationForgeryForgery In a legal and moral sense (Lat. falsum), it is the utterance or publication, with intent to deceive or defraud, or to gain some advantage, of a false document, put out by one person in the name of and as the genuine work of another, who did not execute it, or the subsequent alteration of a genuine document by one who did not execute the original.This species of falsification extends alike to all classes of writings, promissory notes, the coin or currency of the realm, to any legal or private document, or to a book.CounterfeitingCriminal intimidation, sedition, disturbing religious feelings, enmity between classes of peopleBooks: Same as Semester ILL.B.(Three years course) (First Year) IInd SemesterPaper VIConstitutional Law Of India-IIUnit –I: Fundamental RightsDefinition of State for enforcement of fundamental rights-Justiciability of fundamental rightsDoctrineof eclipse, severability, waiver, distinction between pre-constitutional law and postconstitutionallawRight to Equality: Doctrine of Reasonable classification and the principle of absence ofarbitrarinessFundamental Freedom: Freedom of speech and expression, Freedom of Association, Freedom ofMovement, Freedom of Reside and Settle, Freedom of Trade, Business and Profession-expansionby judicia l interpretation-reasonable restrictions.Unit II: Fundamental rightsRight to life and personal liberty-scope and content (expensive interpretation)Preventive detention under the Constitution-Policy and safeguards-Judicial reviewRight against exploitation-forced labour and child employmentFreedom of religionEducational and cultural rightsUnit III: Right to Constitutional Remedies:Right to Constitutional Remedies-Judicial ReviewWrits:Hebeas Corpus, Mandamus, Certiorari, Prohibition and Quo-warranto-Art.32 and 226Unit IV: Directive Principle, Fundamental Duties, Social Justice and Right to InformationDirective Principle of State Policy-Nature and justiciability of the Directive Principles-Interrelationshipbetween Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles-Fundamental DutiesSocial justice under the Indian Constitution-Compensatory discrimination for backward classesMandalCommission’s case and other cases-Protective discrimination doctrine.Right to Information Act: Central and State Commission, Public Authorities, Right toInformation and Power of Judicial ReviewBooks: Same as Semester ILL.B.(Three years course) (First Year) IInd SemesterPaper VIIPublic International Law-IIUnit- IInternational Organizations: Definition, the condition which should exits for their development,Their Legal Personality, capacity to enter into international treaties,, Privilege and Immunities,League of Nations: Principal Organs, Its weaknesses, Mandate System.Unit- II United NationsUNO The main bodies of the United Nationsare the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the UN Secretariat. All were established under theUN Charter when the Organization was founded in 1945. It has 193 members.:Establishment, Preamble, Purpose & Principles of UN, Membership, suspension, expulsion andwithdrawl. Principal Organs of the UN, Amendment to the Charter.Unit- IIISettlement of International disputes, Pecific and compulsive, WarWar Whenever Christians wage a war, it is a Just war (City of God). Jesus asked his followers to purchase swords (Luke 22: 35-36). Those who legitimately hold authority also have the right to use arms to repel aggressors against the civil community entrusted to their responsibility (Catechism 2265). Without Jihad there is no Islam. In Mahabharata, Krishna tried to stop the War imposed by Kurus. Lord Rama killed Ravan in the war to restore his wife. Deva and Asura battles are not available in Vedas.: Definition, Non-war armedconflic t, Declaration, Legal Regulation, Effects of the Outbreak of War.The Law of Warfare- Need, Laws of Land, Maritime and aerial Warfare, War crime-Nurembergand Tokyo Trials, Genocide: Meaning, Main provisions of the Genocide ConventionConvention A term which denotes an international agreement concluded at an international conference. Often used interchangeably with ‘‘treaty.’’.Unit- IVNeutrality – Meaning under the UN Charter, Rights and duties of neutral and Belligerent States,End of Neutrality, Right of Angary, Contraband and the Doctrine of Continuous Voyage,Blockade, Right of Visit and SearchSearch Google SEO: Meaning> Relevance> Quality> Usability> Context, Prize Courts,BooksS.P.Gupta, International Organisation, ALAH.O.Agrawal, International Law and Human RightsHuman Rights Legal and moral status of a human being against his competitors. American Convention on Human Rights Convention against Torture European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights UN Convention on the Rights of the Child UN declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity United States Bill of Rights Universal Declaration of Human Rights

LL.B.(Three years course) (Second Year) IIIrd SemesterPaper IHuman Rights Law and PracticeUnit-I:Human Rights: Meaning, Evolution of Human Rights: Ancient and Natural law perspective,Natural Rights and Human Rights, Legal Right and Human Rights, Human Rights-Classification,Human Rights and League of Nations, Sources of International Human Rights Law, HumanRights-ImportanceUnit-II:U.N.Charter and Human Rights, Universal Declaration of Human Rights and its legalsignificance.Covenants and Conventions: International Covenant on Economic, Social and CulturalRights,1966; International Conventions on Civil & Political Rights, 1966 The EuropeanConvention on Human Rights, 1950, The American Convention on Human Rights, 1969, AfricanCharter on Human and Peoples Rights, The Viena Conference on Human Rights, ConventionAgainst Torture and Other Cruel Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Rights of theAged.Unit III:Human Rights in India, Human Rights and Indian Constitution, The Protection of Human RightsAct, 1992Judicial activism & Protection of Human Rights in India, Role of Non-Governmentalorganization in the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights; RefugeesUnit IV:National Human Rights Commission, National Commission for Minorities, National Commissionfor Safai karamcharis, National Commission for Women, National Commission for BackwardClasses and National Commission for Schedule Castes and Schedule Tribes.Acts1. The Charter of UNOUNO The main bodies of the United Nationsare the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the UN Secretariat. All were established under theUN Charter when the Organization was founded in 1945. It has 193 members.2. The Protection of Human Rights Act, 19933. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 19484. The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993Books:1. Prof. S.K.Verma, Public International Law (1998) Prentice Ha ll of India2. Wallace, International Human Rights, 1996 Sweet & Maxwell3. Theodor Meron (ed.), Human Right in International Law4. V.R.Krishna Iyer, The Dialectics and Dynamics of Human Right in India5. S.K.Kapoor, Human Right under Int.Law & Indian LawLL.B.(Three years course) (Second Year) IIIrd SemesterPaper IIProperty Law and Easem*nt-IUnit-I: Concept of Property and General Principles Relating to Transfer of PropertyConcept of property: distinction between moveable and immoveable propertyDefinition clause: Immovable property, Attestation, Notice, Actionable claimA Claim A claim is “factually unsustainable” where it could be said with confidence before trial that the factual basis for the claim is entirely without substance, which can be the case if it were clear beyond question that the facts pleaded are contradicted by all the documents or other material on which it is based.Definition to transfer of property (Sec.5)Transfer and non-transfer property (Sec.10-12)Transfer to an unborn person and rule against perpetuity (Sec.13, 14)Vested and Contingent interest (Sec.19 & 21)Rule of Election (Sec.35)Unit-II: General Principles Governing Transfer of Immoveable PropertyTransfer by ostensible ownerRule of feeding the grant by estoppelRule of Lis pendensFraudulent transferRule of part performanc eVested and contingent interestConditional transferUnit-III: Specific TransfersSale and giftMortgage and chargeLeaseLeasehold The leaseholder has no right or interest in the land, he pays rent to the landlord for using the flat or house. A lease is an agreement between the freeholder and the tenant. Commonhold is a form of ownership (or tenure) for multi-occupancy developments (flats of a building). Each unit-holder owns the freehold of their flat, and a commonhold or residents’ association owns and manages the common parts of the property. and LicenceUnit-IV: Easem*nt ActObject and main provisions of the Easem*nt ActActs1. The Transfer of Property Act, 18822. The Indian Easem*nt Act, 1882Books1. Mulla, Transfer of Property Act, 1999, Universal Delhi2. Subba Rao, Transfer of Property Act, 1994, Subbiah Chetty, Madras3. V.P.Sarathy, Transfer of Property, 1995 Eastern Book Co.4. T.P.Tripathi, Transfer of Property Act, 20075. S.N.Shukla, Transfer of Property Act, 2007LL.B.(Three years course) (Second Year) IIIrd SemesterPaper IIICommercial LawPartnership, Sale of Goods ActUnit-I: Indian Partnership ActHistory, Nature and Definition & Kinds of Partnership, Test of Determining, Distinction formCompany and Joint Family Business, Co-ownership (Sec.4 to 8) General and Specific Duties ofPartner, Rights of Partner to Each other (Sec.9 to 17), Partners to be agent of the Firm: Impliedauthority, Emergency Power Effect of Admission & Notice, Liabilities: Joint & Several, Liabilityfor wrongful acts & Misapplication of MoneyUnit-II: Incoming & Outgoing Partners (Sec31 to 38), Dissolution of Firm (Sec.39 to 55),Registration of Firm (Sec.56 to 71)Unit-III: Sales of GoodsDefinition, Conditions and Performance, Formation of Contract (Sec.4 to 17), Effect of Contract(Sec.18 to 31)Unit IV:Sale of Goods: Right of Parties and Remedies, Performance of Contract (Sec.31 to 44), Rights ofUnpaid Seller (Sec.45 to 54), Suits for Breach of Contract (Sec.55 to 61)Acts1. Indian Partnership Act, 19322. The Sale of Goods Act, 1930Books1. Avtar Singh, Partnership & Sales of Goods Act, Eastern Book Co.2. Mulla, Partnership & Sales of Goods Act, Tripathi3. Dr.R.K.Bangia, Partnership Act4. H.P.Gupta, Partnership ActLL.B.(Three years course) (Second Year) IIIrd SemesterPaper IVLabour Law ILabour Laws-I (Law relating to Labour Management Relation in India)Unit-IIndustrial Relation, Labour Problem and Labour Policy in IndiaTrade Union Act, 1926 (Labour Management Relation); History and Development of TradeUnion Movement , Registration of Trade Union, Rights and Liabilities of Registered TradeUnion, Penalties and procedure, Collective Bargaining-Process, Merit and DemeritUnit-II Industrial Dispute Act, 1947Scope of Industry, Workmen, Employers, Industrial Disputes, Authorities under the IndustrialDispute Act, 1947; Procedure, Power and Duties of Authorities, Reference of Disputes to Boards,Courts or TribunalsUnit-IIIStrike, Lock Out, Lay Off, Retrenchment and ClosureUnfair Labour Practices, Penalties, Offences by Companies etc. Industrial Employment(Standing Order) Act, 1946Unit-IVPhilosophy of Labour Welfare, Historical Development of Labour Welfare, The Factories Act,1948: Interpretation-competent person, Hazardous process, manufacturing process, Worker,Factory, Occupier, Health, Safety and Welfare, Working House of Adults, Employment of youngpersons, Inspectors-Appointment and Powers.Acts1. Trade Union Act, 19262. Industrial Dispute Act, 19473. Factories Act, 1948Books1. John Bowers & Simon Honey Ball, Text Book on Labour Law (1996) Blackstone, London2. K.M.Pillai, Labour and Industrial Laws3. V.G.Goswami, Labour and Industrial Laws, 19994. Dr. S.K.Puri, Labour and Industrial Laws (New Ed.)5 D.D.Seth, Commentaries on Industrial Disputes Act, 1998LL.B.(Three years course) (Second Year) IIIrd SemesterPaper VInsurance LawUnit IIntroduction, Meaning of Insurance, Historical Aspect, Characteristic of Insurance, Nature ofInsurance ContractUnit IITheory of Cooperation, Theory of Probability, Principles of Insurance, Utmost Good Faith,Insurance InterestUnit IIIRe-Insurance, Double Insurance, Insurance & Wages, Types of Ins urance:Life InsuranceMarine InsuranceFire Insurance &Miscellaneous InsuranceUnit IVIndemnity, Subrogation, Causa Proxima, Mitigation of Loss, Attachment of Risk, ContributionConstitution, Function and Powers of Insurance Regulatory and Development AuthorityApplication of Consumer Protection Act, 1986Books1. M.N.Mishra, Law of Insurance2. C.Rangarajan, Handbook of Insurance and Allied LawsLL.B.(Three years course) (Second Year) IIIrd SemesterPaper VIAdministrative Law-IUnit I: Evolution and Scope of Administrative LawNature, Scope and Development of Administrative LawRule of Law and Administrative LawSeparation of Powers and its relevanceConcept of state from laissez-fair to social welfare; position in U.K., USA.,Relationship between Constitutional Law and Administrative LawAdministrative of function of AdministrationClassification of functions of AdministrationUnit II: Legislative Function of AdministrationDelegated legislation: Necessity and ConstitutionalityForms and requirementsControl: Legislative, Judicial, ProceduralSub-delegation of legislative power, conditional legislation, Henry VIII ClasueUnit III: Judicial Functions of AdministrationNeed for devolution of adjudicatory authority on administrationNature of Tribunal: Constitution, Power, Procedures, Rules of evidenceEvidence All the means by which a matter of fact, the truth of which is submitted for investigation, is established or disproved. Bharatiya Sakshya (Second) Adhiniyam 2023Administrative TribunalsPrinciples of Natural JusticeNatural justice The rules of natural justice operate in areas not covered by any law. They do not supplant the law of the land but supplement it. They are not embodied rules and their aim is to secure justice or to prevent miscarriage of justice (A. K. Kraipak vs Union of India (1969) 2 SCC 262). Whenever a complaint is made before a Court that some principle of natural justice has been contravened, the Court has to decide whether the observance of that rule was necessary for a just decision on the facts of that case.:(i) Rule against Bias(ii) Audi Alter Partem: Essentials of hearing process, Cross examination, Legal representation,Pre and post-decisional hearingRules of evidence-no evidence, some evidence and substantial evidenceInstitutional DecisionsUnit IV: Administrative DiscretionNeed for administrative discretion, Limitation on exercise of discretion, Malafide exercise,irrelevant considerations & non-exercise of discretionary power, Judicial review of administrativediscretion, Remedies.Books1. Wade, Administrative Law (VII Ed.) Indian Print, Universal2. M.P.Jain, Principles of Adminstrative Law, Universal Delhi3. S.P.Sathe, Administrative Law, Butterworths, Delhi4. C.K.Thakkar, Administrative Law, Eastern Book Co.LL.B.(Three years course) (Second Year) IIIrd SemesterPaper VIICompany Law-IUnit I: Formation, Registration and Incorporation of CompanyMeaning of CorporationCorporation A legally established entity that can enter into contracts, own assets and incur debt, as well as sue and be sued—all separately from its owner(s). The term covers both for-profit and nonprofit corporations and includes nonstock corporations, incorporated membership organizations, incorporated cooperatives, incorporated trade associations, professional corporations and, under certain circ*mstances, limited liability companies.Nature and kinds of companyPromoters: Position, duties and liabilitiesMode and consequences of incorporationUses and abuses of the corporate form, lifting of corporate veilTheory of Corporate personalityUnit II: Memorandum of Association, alteration and the doctrine of ultra viresArticles of Association, binding nature, alteration, relation with memorandum of Association,Doctrine of Constructive Notice and Indoor Management-exceptionsUnit III: Capital Formation of RegulationProspectus: Issues, contents, kinds, liabilities for misstatement, statement in liew of prospectusThe nature and classification of company securitiesShares and general principles of allotmentStatutory share certificate, its objects and effectsTransfer of shares, restriction of transfer, relationship between transferor and transferee, issue ofshare at premium, role of public finance institutionsShare Capital, reduction of share capitalConversion of loans debentures into capitalDuties of court to protect interests of creditors and shareholdersUnit IV: Corporate AdministrativeDirectors: Kinds, Powers and DutiesRole of nominee Directors, Managing Director and other managerial personnel.ActThe Companies Act, 1956Books1. L.C.B.Gower, Principles of Modern Company Law, 1997 Sweet & Maxwell, London2. A. Ramaiya, Guide to the Companies Act, 1998 Wadhwa3. Palmer, Palmer’s Company Law, 1987 Stevens, London4. Avtar Singh, Indian Company Law, Eastern Book Co.5. R.K.Bangia, Company LawLL.B.(Three years course) (Second Year) IVth SemesterPaper IEnvironmental Laws, Forest laws & Animals Protection LawsUnit-IDimensions of Environmental Problems, Pollution & its Kinds, Sustainable development,Constitutional Provisions & Judicial Activism (Principles-Precautionary principle, Polluter paysprinciple, public trust doctrine)Unit-IIThe Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 ; Definition, Central and State PollutionControl Boards: Constitution, power and function; Sample of effluents, Citizen Suit ProvisionThe Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981; Definition, Central and State PollutionControl Boards: Constitution, power and function; Sample of effluents, Citizen Suit ProvisionUnit-IIIThe Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, The National Environment Tribunal Act, 1955 and TheNational Environment Appellate Authority Act, 1997Unit-IVIndian Forest Act, 1927Kinds of forest-private, Reserved, Protected and Village Forest, The Forest (Conservation) Act,1980The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972; Authorities to be appointed and constituted under the Act,Hunting of wild animals, Protection of Specified Plants, Trade or Commerce in Wild Animals,animals articles and trophies; Its prohibition.Acts1. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 19742. The Air ((Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 19813. The Environment (Protection) Act, 19864. The National Environment Tribunal Act, 19555. The National Environment Appellate Authority Act, 1997Books1. Shyam Diwan, Armin Rosencranz, Environmental Law & Policy in India2. P. Leelakrishnan, The Environmental Law in India3. Dr.P.S.Jaswal, Environmental Law4. S.K.Nanda, Environmental Law, 2007LL.B.(Three years course) (Second Year) IVth SemesterPaper IIInvestment/Competition LawUnit I: Competition Law23Background, Prohibitions, Competition Commission of IndiaUnit II: Corporate Finance and Regulatory FrameworkSecurity Contract (Regulation) Act, 1956SEBI Act, 1992Depositories Act, 1996The Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security InterestAct, 2002Unit III: Regulatory Framework for Foreign Trade, Multinational CompaniesForeign Trade (Development & Regulation) Act, 1992UNCTAD Draft Model on Trans-national CorporationsControl and Regulation of foreign companies in IndiaForeign collaborations and joint ventures.Unit IV: Foreign Exchange ManagementBackground, Policies, AuthoritiesActsCompetition Act, 2002Security Contract (Regulation) Act, 1956SEBI Act, 1992Depositories Act, 1996Foreign Trade (Development & Regulation) Act, 1992Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999BooksTaxman’s Student’s Guide to Economic LawsLL.B.(Three years course) (Second Year) IVth SemesterPaper IIILaw of EvidenceUnit I: Introduction and RelevancyEvidence and its relationship with the substantive and procedural lawsDefinition: Facts, facts in issue, relevant, evidence proved, disproved, not proved, oral anddocumentary evidence (Sec.3)Relevancy and admissibilityDoctrine of res gestaeRes Gestae Things done; rule under which a remark made spontaneously and concurrently with an incident carries an inherent degree of credibility and is admissible because of its spontaneous nature (excited utterance); an exception to the hearsay rule. (Sec.6,7,8,9)Conspircy (Sec.10)Unit II: Admission (Sec.17-23), Confessions (Sec.24-30), Dying Declaration (Sec.32)Unit III: Method of ProofArguments It is not quarreling. It can be divided into Deductive, inductive, and conductive > Functional includes include: “because”, “since”, “for”, and “as”; typical conclusion indicators include “therefore”, “thus”, “hence”, and “so”. पंच अवयव तर्कः प्रतिज्ञा हेतू उदाहरणम् निगमनम् अवयवाः > premises to conclusion or conclusion to premises to Proof something. Proof is a derivation of a conclusion from premises through a valid argument. of factsPresumptions (Sec.4, 41, 79-90, 105,107,108,112,113-A, 114 and 114-A)Oral and documentary evidence (Sec.59-78)Rules relating to Burden of Proof (Sec.101-105)Facts prohibited form proving: Estoppel (Sec.115-117), Privileged Communications (Sec.122-129)Unit IV: Presumptions regarding discharge of Burden of ProofEvidence by accomplice (Sec.133 with 114(b))Judicial notice (Sec.114)Dowry Death (Sec.113-B)Certain Offences (Sec.111-A)ActThe Indian Evidence Act, 1872Books1. Ratan Lal & Dhiraja Lal, The Law of Evidence2. Avtar Singh, Principles of Law of EvidenceLL.B.(Three years course) (Second Year) IVth SemesterPaper IVLabour Laws-II (Social Security and Wage Legislation)Unit-I: Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923 (Sec.1-10, 12, 14, 14A, 17 & 20)Conceptual frame work of Social Security-Evolution and concept of Social Security, Scheme ofSocial Security, Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923: Definitions, Aims & Object, Liability ofEmployer,Notional Extension & Defences, Determination of Amount of Compensation, Compensationwhen due-Penalty for default, Contracting Out (Sec.17), Appointment & Powers ofCommissioner (Sec.19-31)Unit-II: Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 (Sec.3-18)Aims & Object, Definitions, Restriction on employment, Right to Maternity Benefit, MedicalBonus, Leave Dismissal during Pregnancy (Sec.10-16), forfeiture of Maternity benefit, Leave forMiscarriage, Penalty for contravention of Act by Employer, Cognizance of offences.The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972: Aims and Objects of Act, Definition, Controlling Authority,Payment of Gratuity, Recovery of Gratuity, Determination of the amount of GratuityUnit-III: Minimum Wages Act, 1948Theories and Concept of Wages , Aims & Objects of Act, Definition, Fixation & Revision ofrates of Wages, Working Hours and Determination of Wages and Claim etc. AuthorityAppointment& Powers of the Authority.The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976, Payment of Remuneration at equal rates to Men and Womenworkers and other matters.Unit-IV: Payment of Wages Act, 1936Aims & Object, Responsibility of Payment of Wages, Time of Payment of Wages & Fixation ofWage Period, Authorized Deductions (Sec.7 to 13), Appointment & Powers of Inspectors andAuthority for Adjudication of Claims (Sec.15-18), Penalty for offences under the Act.The Payment of Bonus Act: Scope and Application, Definition, Computation of Gross profit andavailable s urplus, Eligibility for Bonus, Disqualification for Bonus, Minimum and MaximumBonus.Acts1. Workmen’s Compensation Act, 19232. Maternity Benefit Act, 19613. Payment of Wages Act, 19364. Minimum Wages Act, 1948Books1. K.D.Srivastava, Commentaries on Minimum Wages Act, 1995, Eastern Book Co.2. K.D.Srivastava, Commentaries on Payment of Wages Act, 1998, Eastern Book Co.3. S.B.Rao, Law and Practice on Minimum Wages, 1999LL.B.(Three years course) (Second Year) IVth SemesterPaper VBanking LawUnit I: Banking Regulation Act, 194926Concept of Bank and Banker, Functions of Banks, Classification of Banks, Relationship betweenBank and Customer, Control by government and it agencies, Management of Banking companies,On account and audit, Reconstruction and reorganization of banking companies, Suspension andwinding up of business of banking companies, Social control over banking, BankingOmbudsman, Recent Trends in Banking: Automatic Teller Machine and Internet Banking, SmartCredit Cards, Banking Frauds.Unit II: Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934Incorporation, Capital, Management and Business of Banking Company, Central Bankingfunction of Reserve Bank of India, Collection and furnishing of Credit Information, Control ofReserve Bank of India over Non-banking Institutions and Financial Institutions, Credit Control byReserve Bank of India, General provisions and penalties.Unit III: Negotiable Instrument Act, 1881Definition and characteristic of Negotiable Instruments, Types of Negotiable Instruments,Definition and Essentials of Promissory Note, Bill of Exchange and Cheque, Liabilities andCapacity of Parties of Negotiable Instrument, Holder and Holder in due course, Transfer andNegotiationNegotiation The exchange and discussion of proposals by representatives of governments for the purpose of reaching an agreement or understanding. of Negotiable Instrument.Unit IV:Crossing of Cheques and payment, Dishonour of Cheques, Presentment and Payment, Dishonour,Noting and Protest of Negotiable Instrument, Endorsem*nt: Definition, Essential of a validendorsem*nt and its kinds, Rules of evidence and compensation.Books1. Bashyam and Adiga, The Negotiable Instrument Act, 19972. M.L.Tannen, Jannen’s Banking Law & Practice in India, 20003. Dr. Avtar Singh, Negotiable Instrument Act.4. S.N. Gupta, The Banking Law in Theory & Practice, 19995. Sharma and Nainta, Banking Law & Negotiable Instruments ActLL.B.(Three years course) (Second Year) IVth SemesterPaper VIAdministrative Law IIUnit I:Judicial Control of Administrative LawExhaustion of Administrative remedies, standing Laches, Res Judicata, Jurisdictional error, Errorapparent on face of record, Violation of principles of natural justice, unreasonableness,Legitimate expectation, Writ-Mandamus, Certiorari, Prohibition, Quo Warranto, Habeas Corpus,Specific performance and Civil suits for compensation, Dec laratory judgments and Injunctions.Unit II: Liability for Wrong: (Tortious and Contractual):Sovereign and non-sovereign functions, statutory immunity, Act of State, Contractual liability ofstate, Tortuous Liability, Govt. privilege in legal proceedings. Estoppels and waiver.Unit III:Informal method of settlement of disputes and Grievance Redressal proceduresConciliationConciliation A non-binding dispute settling procedure by which a dispute is referred to a commission of persons who are empowered to examine the facts and make recommendations for settlement. and meditationMeditation Christian meditation is reading a portion of the Bible and understanding some deep meaning of it. Eastern meditation (Dhyana) is in some way going inside. It has no medical or health benefits. Too much meditation may cause Psychological problems. Sitting quietly and chanting mantras is a waste of life. The IQ of the practitioner will not increase and High BP will remain the same. The practitioners die in the same way as non-practitioners. Dhyana = Focusing on something. Dharana= Conceptualsation. Samadhi= Firm resolute mind. through social action groups, Public inquiries & Commissions ofenquiry, Ombudsman, Vigilance Commission, Right to Information Act.Unit IV:Corporation and Autonomous Public undertaking: State monopoly, Legislative and Govt.Control, legal remedies, Accountability.Books: Same as previous SemesterLL.B.(Three years course) (Second Year) IVth SemesterPaper VIICompany Law IIUnit I:Dividends-Payments-Capitalization-profit; Audit to Account.Debentures, Kinds, shareholders and debenture holders, remedies of debenture holders.Borrowing powers and effect of unauthorized borrowings, charges and mortgages, Loans to othercompanies, Instruments, contracts by companies.Unit II: Insider tradingMeeting: Kinds and ProcedureThe balance of powers within companies-Majority control and minority protection,Unit III: Winding up of CompaniesKinds, Consequences and reasons of winding upRole of the CourtLiability of past membersPayment of liabilitiesReconstruction and amalgamationUnit IV:Law and Multinational Companies, International norms for control, FEMA 1999-Controls jointventures, Investment in India-Repatriation of project, Collaboration agreements for technologytransfer- Prevention of oppression and powers of court and central governmentEmerging trends in Corporate social responsibility, legal liability of company-civil, criminal,tortuous and environmentalBooks: Same as previous SemesterLL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) Vth SemesterPaper ICode of Civil Procedure & Law of Limitation IUnit I:IntroductionDefinition: Decree, JudgmentJudgment The statement given by the Judge on the grounds of a decree or order - CPC 2(9). It contains a concise statement of the case, points for determination, the decision thereon, and the reasons for such decision - Order 20 Rule 4(2). Section 354 of CrPC requires that every judgment shall contain points for determination, the decision thereon and the reasons for the decision.Indian Supreme Court Decisions > Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts (Art 141 Indian Constitution) Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court (Art 144)Supreme Court NetworkOn Judiciary – Portal > Denning: “Judges do not speak, as do actors, to please. They do not speak, as do advocates, to persuade. They do not speak, as do historians, to recount the past. They speak to give Judgment. And in their judgments, you will find passages, which are worthy to rank with the greatest literature….”Law Points on Judgment Writing > The judge must write to provide an easy-to-understand analysis of the issues of law and fact which arise for decision. Judgments are primarily meant for those whose cases are decided by judges (State Bank of India and Another Vs Ajay Kumar Sood SC 2022), Order, Foreign Court, Foreign Judgment, Mens Profits, AffidavitAffidavit Anex partestatement in writing made under oath before a notary public or other officer authorized to administer oaths, about facts which the affiant either knows of his own personal knowledge or is aware of to the best of his knowledge.,Suit of a civil nature, Plaint, Written Statement, Legal RepresentativeImportant Concepts: Res-sub-judice, Resjudicata, Restrictions, Caveat, Inherent Power, CourtsUnit II:Initial Steps in a SuitJurisdiction and place of suingInstitution of suitPleading: Meaning, Object, General Rules, Amendment of PleadingAmendment of pleading An amendment that would enable the real issues between the parties to be tried should be allowed subject to penalties on costs and adjournment, if necessary unless the amendment would cause injustice or injury to the opposing party which could not be compensated for by costs or otherwise. The court should be extremely hesitant to punish litigants for mistakes they make in the conduct of their cases, by deciding otherwise than by their rights. The court has to determine the stage of the proceedings in which the amendment to the pleadings is being sought, which can affect how the principles relating to amendments are being applied. Generally, in case of late application, the stronger the grounds required to justify the amendment sought, but this is all a matter of the court’s discretion.Plaint and Written statementParties to a suitDiscovery, Inspection and Production of documentsAppearance and non-appearance of partiesFirst HearingUnit III:Interim OrdersCommissionArrest before judgmentAttachment before judgementTemporary InjunctionsInterlocutory OrderReceiverSecurity of costsCosts Subject to any written law, costs are at the discretion of the Court, and the Court has the power to determine all issues relating to the costs of or incidental to all proceedings, including by whom and to what extent the costs are to be paid, at any stage of the proceedings or after the conclusion of the proceedings. Generally “Costs” includes charges, disbursem*nts, expenses, fees, and remuneration. Costs in any matter are payable from the date of the order of the Court unless the parties otherwise agree. The costs of a third-party funding contract are not recoverable as part of the costs of, or costs.Unit IV: Suit in Particular caseSuits by or against GovernmentSuits by indigent personInter-pleader SuitSummary ProcedureSummary judgment In an application for summary judgment, the claimant has to show that he has a prima faciecase for summary judgment, following which the burden shifts to the defendant to show that there is a fair or reasonable probability that he has a real orbona fide defence. It will only be granted if the court is satisfied that all the defences raised by the defendant to resist the application are “wholly unsustainable”. Leave to defend would ordinarily be granted where triable issues or questions are militating in favour of a full evaluation of the evidence and arguments. However, mere assertions by a defendant which are equivocal, or lacking in precision, or are inconsistent with undisputed contemporary documents or other statements, or are inherently improbable would not be sufficient for a court to grant leave to defend.Suits relating to Pubic NuisanceActs1. The Civil Procedure Code, 19082. The Limitation Act, 1963Books1. Mulla, Code of Civil Procedure, Universal, Delhi2. C.K.Thakkar, Code of Civil Procedure, 2000 Universal Delhi3. M.P.Tandon, Code of Civil Procedure4. Anil Nandwani, Code of Civil Procedure5. C.K.Takwani, Code of Civil ProdecureLL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) Vth SemesterPaper IICode of Criminal Procedure-IUnit I: IntroductionObject, Scope and Extent of Cr.P.CDefinitionConstitution of criminal courts and their powersUnit II: Provision for InvestigationInvestigation Purpose of all investigation is to reveal the unvarnished truth. The constitutional courts are duty bound to ensure that the truth is revealed.Arrest, Search and SeizureProcesses to Compel AppearanceInformation to PolicePower to InvestigateUnit III: Proceedings before MagistrateJurisdiction of Criminal Courts in inquire and arrestCognizance and initiation of proceeding before MagistrateComplaints to Magistrate and commencement of proceedingsUnit IV: Public Order and AlimonySecurity for peacePeace εἰρήνη and good behaviourMaintenance of Public order and TranquilityMaintenance of Wife, Children and ParentsActsThe Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973Books1. Chandrasekharan Pillai, Kelkar Lecturer on Criminal Procedure, 1998 Eastern Book Co.2. Ratan Lal & Dheeraj Lal, Cr.PC, Universal, Delhi3. Woodroffe, Commentaries on Cr.P.C, 2000 UniversalLL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) Vth SemesterPaper IIIAlternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)Unit I:Concept, Need and Development, Advantages.ArbitrationArbitration (ADR) A dispute settlement process whereby the parties agree to submit their differences to judges of their own choice and to abide by the decision of the judges. and Conciliation Act, 1996: Object, Development and Salient featuresArbitration: Definition, Sources, Kinds, Scope and Differences to CourtArbitration Agreement, Composition of Arbitral TribunalUnit IIJurisdiction of Arbitral Tribunal, Conduct of Arbitral Proceeding, Making of Arbitral Award andTermination of ProceedingsUnit IIIRecourse against Arbitral Award, finality and Enforcement of Arbitral Award, Appeal,Enforcement of Certain Foreign AwardsUnit IVConciliation, MediationMediation It includes a process (ICC Mediation Rule), whether referred to by the expression mediation, pre-litigation mediation, online mediation, community mediation, conciliation or an expression of similar import, whereby parties attempt to reach an amicable settlement of their dispute with the assistance of a third person referred to as mediator (Indian Law), who does not have the authority to impose a settlement upon the parties to the dispute. The process is private and confidential. The process ends when a settlement has, or has not, been reached. Read more, Lok-Adalat & Permanent Lok-Adalat, Negotiation, mid Arb.media,Summary trials, etc.Acts:Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996Legal Service Authority Act, 1987Books1. B.P.Saraf & M.Jhunjhunwala, Law of Arbitration & Conciliation, (2000) Snow White,Mumbai2. Gerald R.William (ed.), The New Arbitration & Conciliation Law of India3. P.C.Rao & William Sheffield, Alternative Disputes Resolutions, (1997) Universal, Delhi4. Johari, Commentary on Arbitration and Conciliation Act. 1999 Universal, Delhi5. G.K.Kwatra, The Arbitration & Conciliation Law of India, (2000), Universal, Delhi6. B.D.Singh, ADR System, (2007) New Royal Book Co. LucknowLL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) Vth SemesterPaper IVInterpretation of StatutesUnit ILaw Making: Legislature, Executive and the Judiciary,Principle of Utility, Law and Public OpinionOpinion A judge's written explanation of a decision of the court. In an appeal, multiple opinions may be written. The court’s ruling comes from a majority of judges and forms the majority opinion. A dissenting opinion disagrees with the majority because of the reasoning and/or the principles of law on which the decision is based. A concurring opinion agrees with the end result of the court but offers further comment possibly because they disagree with how the court reached its conclusion., Law and Social Control, Relevance of John Rawlsand Robert Nozick-individual interest to community interest. Law and MoralsUnit IIMeaning of the term Statute, Enactment, Interpretation and Construction, Kinds of Statutes,Statutes are valid, Intention of the Legislature, Commencement, operation, repeal and revival ofstatutes, Statute must be read as a whole in its context.Unit IIINecessity for Rules of Interpretation, Literal Rule, Mischief Rule, Golden Rule.Harmonious Construction. Noscitur a sociis, Ejusdem generis, Reddendo Singula Singulis, ut resmagis valeat quam pereat, In bonam partem, Delegatus non potest delegare, Expressio uniusexclusio alterius.Unit IVInterprtation of Directory and Mandatory provision, Beneficial Construction, Taxing Statutes,Penal Statutes, Internal and External Aids to Interpretation.Books:1. P.St.Langan (Ed.), Maxwell on the Interpretation of Statutes, (1997), N.M.Tripathi, M ombai2. Vepa, Sarathi, Interpretation of Statutes3. Bawa & Roy, Interpretation of Statutes4. Benthem Theory of Legislation, Eastern Book Co.5. G.P.Singh, Principles of Statutory Interpretation, 1999 WadhwaLL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) Vth SemesterPaper VLand Laws and other Local Laws-IUnit ISpecial features & Object of U.P.Uttar Pradesh Ancient Aryavarta Region (आर्यावर्त) > DistrictAgraAligarhAmbedkar NagarAmethiAmrohaAuraiyaAyodhya (Saket)AzamgarhBaghpatBahraichBalliaBalrampurBandaBarabankiBareillyBastiBhadohiBijnorBudaunBulandshaharChandauliChitrakootDeoriaEtahEtawahFarrukhabadFatehpurFirozabadGautam Buddha NagarGhaziabadGhazipurGondaGorakhpurHamirpurHapurHardoiHathrasJalaunJaunpurJhansiKannaujKanpur DehatKanpur NagarKasganjKaushambiKushi NagarLakhimpur KheriLalitpurLucknow (Capital)MaharajganjMahobaMainpuriMathuraMauMeerutMirzapurMoradabadMuzaffar NagarPilibhitPratapgarhPrayagrajRaebareliRampurSaharanpurSambhalSant Kabir NagarShahjahanpurShamliShravastiSiddharth NagarSitapurSonbhadraSultanpurUnnaoVaranasiZ.A and L.R.Act,DefinitionsAcquisitions of Interest of Intermediaries & its ConsequencesGram Sabha, Gram Panchayat and Land Management CommitteeUnit IIClasses of tenure holderRights of tenure holderEjectmentUnit IIILeaseSurrender and AbandonmentAllotment of Land by Land Management CommitteeSuccessionLand revenueUnit IVRevenue Courts and Revenue AuthoritiesProcedure and Powers of Revenue Court and Revenue OfficersMaintenance of Maps and Records, Revision or Maps and RecordsAppeal, Revision and ReviewActThe UPZA and Land Reforms Act, 1950Books1. Dr.R.R.Maurya, U.P.Land Laws, 28 th Ed.20072. Dr.C.P.Singh, U.PUttar Pradesh Ancient Aryavarta Region (आर्यावर्त) > DistrictAgraAligarhAmbedkar NagarAmethiAmrohaAuraiyaAyodhya (Saket)AzamgarhBaghpatBahraichBalliaBalrampurBandaBarabankiBareillyBastiBhadohiBijnorBudaunBulandshaharChandauliChitrakootDeoriaEtahEtawahFarrukhabadFatehpurFirozabadGautam Buddha NagarGhaziabadGhazipurGondaGorakhpurHamirpurHapurHardoiHathrasJalaunJaunpurJhansiKannaujKanpur DehatKanpur NagarKasganjKaushambiKushi NagarLakhimpur KheriLalitpurLucknow (Capital)MaharajganjMahobaMainpuriMathuraMauMeerutMirzapurMoradabadMuzaffar NagarPilibhitPratapgarhPrayagrajRaebareliRampurSaharanpurSambhalSant Kabir NagarShahjahanpurShamliShravastiSiddharth NagarSitapurSonbhadraSultanpurUnnaoVaranasi. Land Laws. ALA3. Dr.R.P.Singh, U.P.Land LawsLL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) Vth SemesterPaper VIProfessional Ethics and Court CraftUnit IHistorical development of Legal Profession in India.Constitution, Function, Powers and Jurisdiction of StateBar Council and Bar Council of IndiaAdmission and enrolment of Advocates.Unit IIProfession ethics and Advocacy, Standards of ProfessionalConduct and Etiquette, Conflict between interest and duty, Dutyto court, Duty to Client, Duty to opponent, Duty to Colleagues,Duty towards Society and obligation to render legal aidUnit III: Bench-Bar RelationshipReciprocity as partners in administration of JusticeProfessional MisconductRights and Privileges of AdvocatesUnit IV: Contempt of CourtContempt of Court Failure to obey a court order. A disregard of, or disobedience to, the rules or orders of a judicial body or an interruption of its proceedings by disorderly behavior or insolent language. Civil Contempt: Noncompliance with a court order or rule that affects another person; punishment is administered to compel compliance. Act, 1971Historical development of Contempt of Court Act in India, Object and Constitutional validity ofContempt of Court Act.Definition, Kinds of ContemptContempt by Judges, Magistrates, Lawyers and other personsCognizence, Procedure, Appellate provisions regarding Contempt Defences, Punishment andRemedies against punishment for Contempt of Court and Punishment for Contempt, Defencesunder contempt of court.Cases1. Rajendra V Pai v Alex Frrnandes AIRAIR All India Reporter 2002 SC 18082. In re; A an advocate AIR 1962 SC 13373. In re; Mr. G a Senior Advocate of SC AIR 1954 SC 5574. In re; Lalit Mohan Das AIR 1957 SC 2505. Sheo Narayan Jafa v Judge Allahabad H.C. AIR 1953 SC 3686. P. J. Ratnam v d. Kanik ran AIR 1964 SC 2447. In re; “M” an Advocate AIR 1957 SC 1498. L.D. Jaisingham v Narain das N Punjabi (1976) 1 ACC 3549. Jhon D’ Souza v Edward Ani (1994) 2 SCCSCC Supreme Court Cases 6410. In re; V.C. Mishra AIR 1995 SC 2348Acts1. The Advocate Act, 19612. Contempt of Court Act, 19713. The Advocates Welfare Fund Act, 2001RuleThe Bar Council of India Rules, 1961Books1. Holland Avrom Shree, Advocacy, 1994 Universal, Delhi2. Keith Evam, The Golden Rules of Advocacy, 1994, Universal, Delhi3. Sandeep Bhalla, Advocates Act & Professional Misconduct, Nasik Law House4. JPS Sirohi, Professional Ethics, Lawyer’s Accountability, Bench-Bar Relationship, ALA5. Mr. Krishna Murthy Iyer’s Book on Advocacy6. The Bar Council Code of EthicsLL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) Vth SemesterOptional Paper: Paper VII-ALaw of Taxation-IUnit IHistory of Tax Law in India, Constitutional provisions relating to Taxation Nature and Scope ofTax, Definition: Persons, Assesses, Tax Pays, Previous year, Assessment years, Financial year,Income, Gross Taxable Income, Taxable Income, Agricultural Income, Tax Evasion and TaxAvoidanceUnit II: Direct TaxIncome Tax, Residential Status: Rules (Sec.6), Tax LiabilityExemption (Sec.10), Deduction (Sec.80), related to individual, Expenses & Income, Rebate(Sec.88 & 88 B), Deemed income and clubbing of income, Carried Forward and Set of losses.Unit III: Income TaxHeads of Income: Income from Salary, House property, Business and Profession, Capital Gainand other sourcesCalculation of Gross Total and Taxable income, Tax rebate and Computation of Tax Liability,Tax Collection at source and Advance TaxUnit IVAssessment Procedure, Types of AssessmentIncome Tax Authority: Their function, Duties and Powers, Appeal, Offences, Fines and Penalties,Settlement of grievances and Prosecution, Income Tax Act, 1961, Income Tax RulesBooks:1. Ramesh Sharma, Supreme Court on Direct Taxes, (1998)2. Sampat Iyengar, Law of Income Tax, (1998)3. Kanga and Palkiwala, The Law and Practice of Income TaxLL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) Vth SemesterOptional Paper: Paper VII-BCriminology, Penology & Victimology-IUnit I36Criminology: Nature & ScopeNature and Extent of Crime in India, Criminology, Criminal Law and CriminologyGeneral Approaches to Crime control organized Crime (Smuggling in Narcotics etc), WhiteCollor Crime-Corruption in Public LifeSocio-Economic Crime-Adulteration of Foods and DrugsCrime in the ProfessionPerpetrators of Ordinary CrimeThe situational crimeThe chronic offenderCriminality of womenYoung offenderUnit IISchool of CriminologyThe Constitutional School of Criminology, Lombroso and others, Hereditary and metalretardation as causes of Crime, Sociological theories Anomies, Modern Sociological Theiroes:Sutherland’s differential Association theory, Reckless’s Social vulnerable theory. MultipleCausation TheoriesUnit IIIFactor Responsible for Causation of Crime, Environment, home and community influences,urban and rural crimes. The ghetto, broken homes, effect of TV, Video, Press, Narcotics andAlcoholAlcohol It is a psychoactive substance (WHO). Ethanol/ethyl alcohol/alcohol >The alcoholic beverage industry has generally agreed not to use synthetic ethanol manufactured from ethylene in alcoholic beverages, due to the presence of impurities. Ethanol is a primary alcohol (C2H6O) that is ethane in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has a role as an antiseptic drug, a polar solvent, a neurotoxin, a central nervous system depressant, and a teratogenic agent., Caste community tension-Case, WarsWar Whenever Christians wage a war, it is a Just war (City of God). Jesus asked his followers to purchase swords (Luke 22: 35-36). Those who legitimately hold authority also have the right to use arms to repel aggressors against the civil community entrusted to their responsibility (Catechism 2265). Without Jihad there is no Islam. In Mahabharata, Krishna tried to stop the War imposed by Kurus. Lord Rama killed Ravan in the war to restore his wife. Deva and Asura battles are not available in Vedas. and Communal riots-their causes anddemoralizing effects, Atrocities against Scheduled Cadres.Unit IVCriminal Justice Structure, Criminal law and its administration, The Police System, StructuralOrganization of Police and the States, Power and Duties of Police under the Police Act andCr.P.C, Arrest, Search and Seizure and Constitutional imperatives, Liability of Police forCustodial Violence, Select Aspects of National Police Commission ReportBooks1. Katherine S Williams, Textbook on Criminology, 19992. Loveland, Frontiers of Criminality, 19953. Manheim H, comparative Criminology, 19654. Walker, N. Crime and Criminology, 1987LL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) Vth SemesterOptional Paper: Paper VII-CAir and Space Law-IUnit I : Introduction37Definition of Air LawNature, Scope and SourceDevelopment of Air Law (Paris Convention, 1910; Paris Convention, 1919; Madrid Convention,1926; Havana Convention, 1928; Warsaw Convention and Chicago Convention, 1944)RegulationFreedom of the Air and Sovereignty in the AirMembership and Organs of ICAOLegislative, Administrative and Judicial function.Economic and Technical regulationsUnit II: Bilateralism and Multi-literalismConcept of bilateralismViews on multi-literalismMeritsMerits Strict legal rights of the parties; a decision “on the merits” is one that reaches the right(s) of a party as distinguished from a disposition of the case on a ground not reaching the rights raised in the action; for example, in a criminal case double jeopardy does not apply if charges are nolle prossed before trial commences, and in a civil action res judicata does not apply if a previous action was dismissed on a preliminary motion raising a technicality such as improper service of process. and demeritsRegionalism in civil aviationIndia and bilateral agreementUnit III: Safety and security in civil aviationThe Concept, Aviation terrorismInternational Norms-conventions, protocols and regulationsRegulation in India : Air safety provisions , Air Traffic management, Legal regime of Air Spaceand Outer Space, Problem of application of Air, Space and telecommunication lawsState obligation to provide Air Navigation services, Sovereign rights of StatesUnit IV : New Development in IndiaTechnology development and problem in civil aviationAirports-leasing and privatization-legal issuesLiability in International civil aviationManufacturers, operators, operators agents and maintenance contractorsThird party liability for surface damageBooks1. Azbeyratne, RIR, Legal and Regulatory Issures in International Aviation (1996)2. S. Bhatt, The New Aviation Policy in India (1977)3. Carole Blackshow, Aviation Law and Regulation4. V.S.Mani, Recent Trends in International Space and Policy (1966)LL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) Vth SemesterOptional Paper: Paper VII-DLaw and MedicineMedicine Refers to the practices and procedures used for the prevention, treatment, or relief of symptoms of diseases or abnormal conditions. This term may also refer to a legal drug used for the same purpose. -IIntroduction: General backgroud, Inter-relationship between law and medicine, issues involvedneedfor legal control, constitutional perspectives, right of life, fundamental right, right to health,right to emergency medical careMedical Care Treatment that is accepted by medical experts as a proper treatment for a certain type of disease and that is widely used by health care professionals. Also called best practice, standard of care, and standard therapy., directive principles-health of workers, public assistnance insickness and disability, Raising the level of nutrition and public health, power to make Law.Unit II: Regulation of medical and paramedical professionRegulatory authorities, disciplinary control, Doctors and Paramedical professionals, controls oninstitutions, Hospitals: Testing Laboratories, Institutions for research and experiments;Regulation on manufacture, storage and sale of medicine-Production, transport and storage, saleadvertisem*nt.Unit III: Liability for professional negligenceTort, standard of care, problems of evidence, contractual liability, criminal liability, Liability ofdoctors and hospitals under Consumer Protection Act.Unit IV: International Norms:Council of EuropeEurope Once the word came to be peculiarly associated with the transalpine formations of Latin Christianity, it became a cultural term as well as a geographic one. The word “European” merged with the word “Western” and there was a supposed “Western civilization” occupying the Atlantic region, colonizing the two continents and making contact with the Pacific. EU is a “union of states which lies between confederation and federation. Read more. Convention on Human Rights and Bio-medicine-1999, Health care,Professional Standard, consent, Privacy and right to information, non-discrimination GeneticTests, Organ Transplantation, Scientific Research.Books1. R.K.Bag, Law of Medical Negligence & Compensation, Eastern Law House2. R.K.Nayak (Ed.) Indian Law Institute, Global Health Law3. Malcolm Khan & Michelle Robson, Medical Negligence, Cavendish Publishing Limited,London.4. Anoop K Kaushal, Medical Negligence & Legal Remedies with Special Reference to CPA,Universal.5. Mason & Me Call Smith, Law & Medicine Ethics, Butter worths, LondonLL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) Vth SemesterOptional Paper: Paper VII-EWomen and Law relating to Children-I39Unit I: IntroductionA Need of separate studyInternational concerns and ConventionSocial and Legal inequality, Social reform movement in IndiaPosition of Women in pre and Post Independence IndiaUnit II: Indian Constitution and WomenPreambleConstitutional safeguards for the Protection of WomenPersonal Laws-unequal position of womenGender Discrimination under Personal Laws (Hindu, Muslim and Cristian Laws)Women rights regarding to Marriage, Divorce, Property and MaintenanceUnit III: Criminal Law & WomenAdultery, Rape etc and provisions of Maintenance under Cr.PCDowry Prohibition, Prevention of Immoral Traffic; The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act;Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act.Unit IV: Women and EmploymentProtective Laws, Exploitation and Harassment at WorkplacesProtection and enforcement agenciesCourts, Family Court, Commission for Women, NGOsBooks:1. Prof. Nomita Aggarwal, Women and Law2. Dr. Manjula Batra, Women and Law3. G.P.Reddy, Women and LawLL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) Vth SemesterOptional Paper: Paper VII- FCyber Law -IUnit I:Fundamentals of Cyber SpaceUnderstanding Cyber SpaceInterface of Technology and Law Defining Cyber LawsUnit II.Jurisdiction in Cyber SpaceConcept of JurisdictionInternet JurisdictionIndian Context of JurisdictionInternational position of Internet Jurisdiction Cases in Cyber JurisdictionUnit III.E-commerce- Legal issuesLegal Issues in Cyber ContractsCyber Contract and IT Act 2000The UNCITRAL Model law on Electronic CommerceUnit IVIntellectual Property Issues and Cyberspace – The Indian PerspectiveOverview of Intellectual Property related Legislation in IndiaCopyright law & CyberspaceTrademark law & CyberspaceLaw relating to Semiconductor Layout & DesignLL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) Vth SemesterOptional Paper: Paper VII-GIntellectual Property Laws-IUnit-I:Meaning of Intellectual Property: International Instruments: Paris Union, TRIPS, WIPO,UNESCOThe Patents Act, 1970Introduction, Aims, Objective, Features & Principles, Inventions (Sec.2j) Invention not patentable(Sec.3 to 5), Application (Sec.6 to 8), Specification (Sec.9 to 10), Opposition (Sec.25), Grant &Sealing of Patent (Sec.43), Conditions for grant of patent (Sec.47)Unit II:Rights of Patents (Sec.47), Term of Patent (Sec.53). Patents of Addition (Sec.54 & 55), Surrender& Revocation (Sec. 63 to 66) Patents OfficeOffice Αξίωμα > Officer > Office-bearer (1593) > Opus, officium, ex officio (Latin). Box-office (Cash Box). (Sec. 73 to 74 r.4(2), Compulsory Licenses (Sec.84),License of right (Sec.86 to 88), Government use (Sec. 99), infringement (Sec.104 to 115), PatentAgents (Sec.125 to 132), International Arrangements (Sec.133 to 139), Paris convention, 1999Amendment Act, 17 of 1999, Sec.5 amended, Exclusive Marketing Right (Sec.24A-24F).Unit III: The Trade Marks Act, 1999Introduction (Sec.2), Registration (Sec.4 to 17), Procedure (Sec.18 to 26), Effect of Registration(Sec.27 to 32), Deceptive Similarity, Infringement, Passing off.Intellectual Property in Trade MarkUnit IV: Law relating to Geographical IndicationsIntroduction, meaning and salient features of Geographical Indication of Goods under theGeographical Indication of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999Procedure for Registration, Duration and Renewal, Right conferred by registration, Infringementof Geographical Indication, Remedies, Offences and Penalties.Acts1. The Patents Act, 19702. The Trade Marks Act, 19993. Geographical Indication of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999Books1. Prof.A.K.Avasthi (ed.) Spotlight on Intellectual Property Rights, 20052. Nagarajun, Intellectual Property3. Menu Paul, Intellectual PropertyLL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) VIth SemesterPaper ICode of Civil Procedure & Law of Limitation IIUnit I: Judgement and DecreeJudgment: Definition, Essentials, Pronouncement, Contents and AlterationDecree: Definition, Essentials, Types, Drawing up of a Decree, Contents and Decree in particularcasesInterest, CostsUnit II: ExecutionCourt by which decree may be executedPayment under decreeApplication for executionMode of executionQuestions to be determined by executing courtUnit III: AppealsAppeals from original decreeAppeals from appellate decreeGeneral provisions relating to appealsAppeals to Supreme CourtAppeals by indigent personReference to High CourtHigh Court High Court Judges in England and Wales handle complex and tough cases, sitting in London and traveling to court centers around the country. They preside over serious criminal and important civil cases, and support the Lord and Lady Justices in hearing appeals. High Court Judges are commonly referred to as ‘Mr/Mrs/Ms Justice surname’ and are given the prefix ‘The Honourable’. They are assigned to the King’s Bench Division, the Family Division, or the Chancery Division. The King’s Bench Division focuses on civil wrongs and judicial review, the Family Division deals with family law, and the Chancery Division handles various cases including company law and probate. Judges are appointed through a rigorous process overseen by the Judicial Appointments Commission.Review and RevisionExecutionUnit IV: Law of Limitation and RegistrationMeaning, nature and scope of law of limitationBar of Limitation and its efficacySufficient Cause: its meaning and applicabilityLegal Disability: Meaning, Scope and EffectContinuous running of time: General principle, meaning, scope and it exceptionsLaw relating to Registration of documentsBooks: Same as previous semesterLL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) VIth SemesterPaper IICode of Criminal Procedure-IIUnit I: Introduction to Trial ProcedureChargeTrial by Session CourtWarrant TrialMode of taking and recordingEvidenceUnit II: TrialsSummonsSummons It means an application to the Court in relation to an action or appeal which has to be served on other parties or non‑parties. Trial in summons casesSummary TrialGeneral provision as to Enquiries and TrialJudgementUnit III: Appeal, Revision and ReferenceAppeals and Appellate Authorities in Criminal casesRevisionReference and inherent power of High CourtUnit IV: Bail and SentencingExecution of SentenceSuspension, Remission and Commutation of SentencesProvision as to BailOpportunity of hearing concept before criminal courtsLimitation for taking cognizanceBooks: Same as previous semesterLL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) VIth SemesterPaper III

Drafting/Pleading and Conveyancing

Unit I: Fundamental Rule of PleadingMeaning and Definition of Pleading, History/Object and InterpretationRules of Pleading: General and Fundamental, Amendment of Pleading.Civil: Plaint, Written Statement, Interlocutory Application, Original Petition, Affidavit, ExecutionPetition, Memorandum of Appeal and Revision, Petition under Article 226 and 32 of theConstitution of India.Unit II:Criminal: Complaint, Criminal Miscellaneous petition, Bail Application, Memorandum of Appealand Revision.Unit III: Model Draft of ApplicationApplication for Restoration of Suit; Amendment in the Pleading, Implements of Parties,Substitution of Parties, Setting aside exparte decree, Alimony, Bail, Matrimonial petition, legalnotice, Appointment of receiver/ local commission; Compromise of Suit, Condonation of delayCondonation of Delay It is not mandatory that a written application be filed seeking condonation of delay and relief can be granted in that regard even upon an oral request, provided sufficient cause is shown for such delayBhagmal & Ors. v. Kunwar Lal & Ors. [2010] 12 SCC 159; Sesh Nath Singh & Anr. v. Baidyabati Sheoraphuli Co-operative Bank Ltd. & Anr[2021] 7 SCC 313; Esha Bhattacharjee v. Managing Committee of Raghunathpur Nafar Academy & Ors.[2013] 12 SCC 649 ( Liberal, pragmatic, justice-oriented, non-pedantic approach while dealing with an application for condonation of delay as Courts are not supposed to legalize injustice but are obliged to remove injustice)and application for execution etc., Drafting of Writ petition and PIL petition.Unit IV: Conveyancing: Theory and Model DraftDefintion and essential part of a deed, Model deed: Sale-deed, Mortgage deed, Gift-deed, Willdeed,Trust deed, Lease-deed, Promissory Note, General Power of Attorney, Partnership deed;Tenancy deed; Relinquishment deed etc.Books1. Banerjee and Awasthi, Guide to Drafing2. Michael Haewood, Conveyancing3. William M.Ross, Pleading4. G.C.Mogha & K.N.Goyal, Indian ConveyancerLL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) VIth SemesterPaper IVEquity, Trust, Fiduciary Relationship & Specific Relief ActUnit I: The Origin and Development of EquityEquity and its relation with law, The Maxim of Equity, The concept of TrustMaxims of EqutiyDoctrine of EquityElection, Mortgage once a mortgage always a mortgage. Clog on redemption, ForeclosureUnit II:The Concept of Trust, Distinction with agency and contract, Classification of Trust, Constructivetrust, Religious and Charitable Trust Common property resources and public trust doctrine,Power, Right and Duties and Disabilities of Trustee, Discharge and appointment of new Trustee,Extinction of Trust, Rights and Liabilities of BeneficiaryUnit-III: Specific Relief ActIntroduction: Meaning, Nature & Scope of equitable relief, History of Specific Relief.Relieves regarding possession of immovable & movable propertyMeaning of specific performance, enforcement of contract, defences, part-performance ofcontractUnit-IV:Conditions of ractification, Cancellation, Partial cancellation, Power of restoration orcompensationConditions of Rescission, Grounds of Declaration, The effect of decree of declaration, Meaningof injunction & its kindsGrounds of issuing of perpetual injunctions & the exceptionBooks1. S. Krishnamurthy Aiyar, Principles and Digest of Trusts laws2. R.H.Mandsley and E.H.Burn, Trust and Trustees3. Philip H. Pettit, Equity and Law of TrustLL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) VIth SemesterPaper VLand Laws and Agricultural Laws IIUnit I:U.P.Consolidation of Holding Act, 1953Unit II:U.P.Panchayat Raj Act, 1947Unit III:U.P.Urban Building (Regulation of Letting, Rent and Eviction) Act, 1947Unit IV:(i) U.P.Urban Planning and Development Act, 1973;(ii) U.P.Municipalities Act, 1916Acts1. U.P.Consolidation of Holding Act, 19532. U.P.Panchayat Raj Act, 19473. U.P.Urban Building (Regulation of Letting, Rent and Eviction) Act, 19474. U.P.Urban Planning and Development Act, 19735. U.P.Municipalities Act, 1916LL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) VIth SemesterPaper VIMoot Court Exercise, Legal Awareness and Internship(Practical and Viva-Voce)The Paper will have following components:a) Moot Court: Every student may be required to do at least three moot courts in a year. Themoot court work will be on assigned problem.b) Observance of Trial in two cases, one Civil and one Criminal.Students may be required to attend two trials in the course of the last two or three years of LL.B.studies. They will maintain a record and enter the various steps observed during their attendanceon different days in the court assignment.c) Interviewing techniques and Pre-trial preparations and Internship diary.Each student will observe two interviewing sessions of clients at the Lawyer’s Office/Legal AidOffice and record the proceedings in a diary. Each student will further observe the preparation ofdocuments and court papers by the Advocate and the procedure for the filing of the suit/petition.d) The fourth component of this paper will be Viva Voce examination on all the above threeaspects.e) Student will be required to undertake legal awareness programme in association with N.S.S.and other authorities as directed by the Faculty.LL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) VIth SemesterOptional Paper: Paper VII-A

Law of Taxation II(Indirect Taxation)

Unit I: Central Sales Tax ActDefinition: Dealer, Place of Business, Sale, Sale Price (Sec.2)Formulation of Principles for determining when a sale or purpose takes place in the course ofinterstate Trade of Commerce or outside a State or in the Course of Import ExportExport How to export: Canada-India-USA (Sec.3 to 5),Liability to Tax on interstate Sales (Sec.6), Registration & Cancellation and Penalties.Unit II: U.P.Trade Tax Act /VAT (Value Added Tax)Definition: Dealer, Goods Purchase, Sale, TurnoverIncidence of TaxationLevy of additional TaxRegistration of DealersVoluntary RegistrationSecurity from DealersPayments of Tax and Filing of ReturnsUnit IIIAssessment of Tax & its re-AssessmentRecovery of Tax & PenaltyAppeal, Revision, Rectification of MistakePenaltyUnit IVService Tax: Taxable service, Meaning and Importance of Service Tax, ConstitutionalPerspective, Salient provisions of the Service Tax LawGift Tax Act: Definition: Assessee, Assessing, Officer, Doner, Donee, Gift, Transfer of PropertyCharge of Gift TaxValue of Gift, How determinedWealth Tax Act, VATActsThe Central Sales Tax Act, 1956U.P.Trade Tax ActThe Wealth Tax Act, 1957Books1. Bhagwati Prasad, Other Taxes in India2. M.C. Mehrotra, Other Taxes In India3. S.D.Singh, Principles of Sales TaxLL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) VIth Semester

Optional Paper: Paper VII-B

Criminology/Penology/ Victimology-IIUnit I:Theories of Punishment: (i) Deterrent Theory (ii) Retributive Theory (iii) Preventive Theory (iv)Reformative TheoryEfficacy of Punishment: Early stages-Medieval Period, Modern or New Penology, Essentials ofan ideal system of Penal PolicyUnit IIPunishment of OffendersSome discarded modes of Punishment, Corporal Punishment-whipping, Mutilation,Transportation, Public execution, Punishment under the Indian Criminal Law-CapitalPunishment, Imprisonment, Fine, Prison System: Administrative Organization of Prison, Jail Manual, Power of Prison Officials, Open Prisons, Prisoner’s Classification: Male, Female,Juvenile and Adult, Undertrial and Convicted Prisoners, Constitutional Imperatives and Prison Reforms, Prison Management-Prisoners RightUnit IIITreatment of correction of offenders. The need for reformation and rehabilitation of offenders,Undergoing punishment/imprisonment, Classification of offenders through modern diagnostictechniques, The role of psychiatrists and Socials workers in the prison., Vocational and religionseducation and apprenticeship programmes for the offenders, Group counseling & Resocializationprogrammes, Participation of inmates in community service.Unit IVRe-socialization Process (Probation and Parole)Definition, Nature, Duties of Probation Officers, Difference between Parole and Probation,Parole : Nature of Parole, Authority for granting Parole, Supervisor of Parole, Problems of the released offender, Attitude of the community towards released offender, Prisoner Aid Society and other Voluntary Organization governmental Action.Books1. Martin Wasik, Emmins On Sentencing (1998)2. Hall J., Law, Social Science and Criminal Theory3. J.M.Sethna, Society and the Criminal, 19804. A. Siddique, Criminology-Problems and Perspectives, 1997LL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) VIth SemesterOptional Paper: Paper VII-CAir and Space Law-IIUnit IChanging Global TrendGlobalization, de-regulation and liberalisation in international civil aviation-Infra-structuralproblems of air portPrivate involvement in owership operation and management of air ports, international regulatoryframeworkRights and Privileges of Air PassergersConsumer protection in Civil Aviation, Liability for death, injury and delayUnit IIAir CargoInternational Conventions and RegulationsAviation related Environmental problemsAircraft financing and leasing, Aviation Insurance, Settlement of Aviation Related Disputes,General Principles Role of ICAO and ICJ, Arbitration, Settlement under Municipal LawUnit IIISpace LawDefinition, nature, scope and developmentSources: UN and Outer SpaceSpace Technology-establishment of COPUOS, International Co-operation for peaceful useUN Space Treaties, Development of Law by Treaties: The Space Treaty, 1967; The RescueAgreement, 1968; The Liability Convention, 1972; The Registration Convention, 1975; TheMoon Treaty, 1979; Partial Test Ban Treaty, 1963; Weather Modification Convention, 1977Unit IVInternational and inter-governmental organisations, Bilateral Agreement in Space Activity,Satellite Broadcasting and Tele-communicationsUse of Space Technology: peaceful and non-peaceful, remote sensing, Disaster prediction,warning and mitigation, management of earth sources, Satellite navigation and location, SpacecommunicationCommercialization of Space Activities: Public and private sectorPrivate Sector The term means all persons or entities in the United States, including individuals, partnerships, associations, corporations, and educational and nonprofit institutions, but shall not include State, local, or tribal governments. [CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET ACT OF 1974] activities, industry-governmentpartnership, IPR Rights, Organisation of Space Activies-DOS, ISRO, Space policy, Need for thelaw in the country.Books: Same as previous semesterLL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) VIth SemesterOptional Paper: Paper VII-DLaw and Medicine -IIUnit IScience and TechnologyTransplantation or Organ: Test-Tube Babies, Artificial insemination, Genetic engineering,Population control laws, Poverty and society: Family planning, Legality of coercive method,Sterilization of unfit-Social reforms, Medical Wastes-Control on handling and disposal of Biomedicalwaste.Unit IIExperiments on Human beingThe Concept: Kinds, subject of experimentation; control, The unborn-Has the unbornconstitutional or other legal rights? Causing miscarriage and injustice to the unborn-liability,Amniocentesis; Medical termination of pregnancy.Unit III: Surrogated MotherhoodHistorical background, the contractual aspect and enforceability, parenthood, who is the legalparent? Problems of consent in caesarean surgery, Right of husband against the right of the wifefor surrogated motherhood, Right and duties of surrogated mother when genetic parents refuse toaccept the child.Unit IV: Aids LawNature and scope, Regulations of blood and blood products, Regulation of sexual activity, Rightand freedon, privacy and liability to report, liberty and secuity, Movement, Marriage and settingup of a family; Work, education, social security, Rights against degrading treatment, equalitybefore law.Books : Same as previous semesterLL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) VIth SemesterOptional Paper: Paper VII-EWomen and Law relating to Children-IIUnit ISocial, Constitutional and International legal status of ChildInternational concern and endeavor for the welfare of the Children, Conventions and AgenciesConstitutional safeguards to Children.Unit IIDiscrimination against Female Children; Termination of pregnancy; PNDT ActInfanticide; Children and EmploymentChild Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act.Unit III: Child and Personal LawsStatus of Child under Personal Laws (Hindu, Muslim)Marriage, Legitimacy, Guardianship, Adoption, Maintenance and CustodyJuvenile Delinquency, Child Sexual AbuseUnit IV: Social Legislation for the Protection of ChildrenChild Marriage Restraint ActChild Labour: Problem and ProtectionChild Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) ActCommission for the Protection of Child Act, 2005Acts1. Child Marriage Restraint Act2. Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act3. Commission for the Protection of Child Act, 2005Unit IV: Social Legislation for the Protection of WomenCommission of Sati (Prevention) ActIndecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) ActPrevention of Immoral Traffic ActPrevention of Domestic Violence Act, 2005Protection from exploitation and Harassment at Work PlacesBooks1. S.N.Jain (ed.) Child and the Law, ILI2. U.Baxi, Law and poverty: Critical EssaysLL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) VIth SemesterOptional Paper: Paper VII-FCyber Law-IIUnit I: Understanding Cyber CrimesDefining CrimeCrime in context of Internet –Actus Rea/Mens ReaTypes of crime in InternetComputing damage in Internet crimeUnit II: Indian Penal Law & Cyber CrimesFraudHackingMischiefTresspassDefamationStalkingSpamUnit III: Obscenity and p*rnographyInternet and Potential of ObscenityIndian Law on Obscenity & p*rnographyInternational effortsChanges in Indian LawUnit IV: Penalties & Offencesunder the IT ActOffences under the Indian Penal CodeInvestigation & adjudication issuesDigital evidenceLL.B.(Three years course) (Third Year) VIth SemesterOptional Paper: Paper VII-GIntellectual Property Laws-IIUnit I: The Copyright Act:Historical background and Development of Copyright Law, Copyright Act, 1957Leading International Instruments, Berne Convention, Universal Copyright Convention,International Copyright under Copyright Act, Copyright in Literary, Dramatic and MusicalWorks, Sound Recording, Cinematograph Films, Copyright in Computer Programme, AuthorSpecial Rights, Right of Broadcasting and performers, Terms of Copyright.Unit IICopyright Registrar and Copyright Board-Power and Procedure.Copyright Societies, Ownership, Assignment, Licence, Translation of Copyright, CompulsoryLicences, Infringement-Criteria of Infringement, Infringement of Copyright-Films, Literary andDramatic works, Importation and Infringement, Fair use provisions.Unit IIIPiracy in Internet, Remedies-especially possibility of Anton Pillar Injunctive Relief in India.The Design Act, 2000: Introduction, nature and meaning, scope of protection, Procedure forprotection, Enforcement and Remedies.Unit IV: Emerging Frontiers of I.P.R. RegimeProtection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights Act, 2001: Aims and Objects, Farmers Rights,Compulsory Licence, Registration, Infringement and Remedies.Biological Diversity Act, 2002: An Overview, Salient features of the Act, 2002-BriefIntroduction.Acts1. The Copyright Act2. The Design Act, 20003. Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights Act, 20014. Biological Diversity Act, 2002Books1. Prof.A.K.Avasthi (ed.) Spotlight on Intellectual Property Rights, 2005

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